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This article aims to locate the specific contribution of social systems theory in the heterogeneous field of industrial relations studies, particularly in the understanding of industrial relations systems as autopoietic systems. For this purpose, we analyze the origin of the industrial relations studies and their main theoretical currents. Subsequently, we describe contributions, main criticisms, and limitations of John Dunlop’s systems theory of industrial relations, which is contrasted with the theoretical possibilities provided by Luhmann’s social systems theory applied to the field of labor relations.